Red Wolf Research Help
Learning about red wolves can be a bit of a daunting task due to the sheer amount of information there is to find and digest. In order to help solve this problem we have compiled a list of useful starting points for deeper research into red wolf related issues. When used in conjunction with this website, these sources can provide a detailed look into almost all of the important issues regarding red wolves and animal conservation. Furthermore, all of these sources can be identified as academic sources, so they will likely be usable on most research papers and reports.
Please note that many of the sources listed below will probably be difficult for children to understand and may be intended for mature audiences. If you are looking for youth-appropriate sources, check out the teaching tools page.
We hope that you will find this list helpful as a path to increased knowledge about Canis rufus.
Wolf Header Photo: Screenshot of RWSSP studbook (2013-2014)
Please note that many of the sources listed below will probably be difficult for children to understand and may be intended for mature audiences. If you are looking for youth-appropriate sources, check out the teaching tools page.
We hope that you will find this list helpful as a path to increased knowledge about Canis rufus.
Wolf Header Photo: Screenshot of RWSSP studbook (2013-2014)
Online Resources
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RED WOLF INFO Learn more about red wolves and their general situation. The Red Wolf Coalition Current red wolf news and useful documents. ----- The USFWS red wolf website Red Wolf Recovery Plan information ----- Wikipedia red wolf article It is best to fact check information here. |
CONSERVATION INFO Find out more about red wolf management and its leading organizations. Association of Zoos and Aquariums Organization that oversees the RWSSP ----- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium The first participant facility in the RWSSP ----- Defenders of Wildlife Info on conservation for many animals |
USEFUL TOOLS These resources come in handy for most research projects. ProCon.org Coverage of all sides of major controversies ----- Statista.com Verifiable statistics on many topics ----- Wolfram Alpha Find comprehensive info on almost anything |
...As well as this website! Red Wolf Review was specifically designed to be useable in academic activities at all levels while also being useful to the public!
Books and Documents
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NOVELS AND LIGHT READS Learn more about red wolves through easier, chapter-based reads. The Secret World of Red Wolves by T. Delene Beeland ----- Another Country by Christopher Camuto ----- Additional reading material listed here by the Red Wolf Coalition |
TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCE Learn more about red wolves through textbooks with an academia-style format. Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Edited by L. David Mech and Luigi Boitani ----- Far Traveler: A Teacher's Companion to Red Wolf Recovery by the USFWS ----- Additional reading material listed here by the Red Wolf Coalition |
Articles and Papers
The list below includes more than 100 useful academic sources, journal articles, studies, and documents relating to various aspects of red wolf and canid research. They are separated by topic, as well as into groups based on which sources discuss red wolves and which discuss other canids. All items in the list are compiled alphabetically by title only, so that finding a source that is useful will be as fast as possible. If you want to find relevant keywords, try using Control + F on your keyboard.
Please note that articles under "general canid" sections are just a small sampling of a broad array of sources available. To find more, try using Google Scholar. Other useful lists include the USFWS documents and records library and the Red Wolf Coalition Research Library.
Please note that articles under "general canid" sections are just a small sampling of a broad array of sources available. To find more, try using Google Scholar. Other useful lists include the USFWS documents and records library and the Red Wolf Coalition Research Library.
BEHAVIOR - RED WOLF
- Direct fitness benefits of delayed dispersal in the cooperatively breeding red wolf (Canis rufus)
- Effects of age and experience on reproductive performance of captive red wolves (Canis rufus)
- Effects of inbreeding on reproductive success, performance, litter size, and survival in captive red wolves (Canis rufus)
- Factors Affecting Reproduction in the Red Wolf (Canis rufus)
- Habitat selection of a large carnivore, the red wolf, in a human-altered landscape
- Habitat Use by Adult Red Wolves, Canis rufus, in an Agricultural Landscape, North Carolina, USA
- Helper effects on pup lifetime fitness in the cooperatively breeding red wolf (Canis rufus)
- Pack social dynamics and inbreeding avoidance in the cooperatively breeding red wolf
- Red Wolf (Canis rufus) and Coyote (Canis latrans) Ecology and Interactions in Northeastern North Carolina
- Red wolf natal dispersal characteristics: comparing periods of population increase and stability
- Retrospective investigation of captive red wolf reproductive success in relation to age and inbreeding
- Size-assortative choice and mate availability influences hybridization between red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans)
- Space and Habitat Use by a Red Wolf Pack and Their Pups During Pup‐Rearing
- Spatial dynamics of sympatric canids: Modeling the impact of coyotes on red wolf recovery
- Tonal vocalizations in the red wolf (Canis rufus): potential functions of nonlinear sound production
- Vocalizations of Red Wolves (Canis rufus)
BEHAVIOR - GENERAL CANID
- Differences in winter activity, courtship, and social behavior of two captive family groups of Mexican wolves Canis lupus baileyi
- Dominance relationships in a family pack of captive arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos): the influence of competition for food, age and sex
- Human influences on range expansion of coyotes in the southeast.
- Long-distance movements of transient coyotes in eastern North Carolina
- Male philopatry, extra-pair copulations and inbreeding avoidance in Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis)
- Regurgitative food transfer among wild wolves
- Social play in captive wolves (Canis lupus): not only an immature affair
- Temporal and phenomenological aspects of social behavior in captive wolves (Canis lupus L.)
CONSERVATION - RED WOLF
- Canis rufus - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Destroying the Myth of the Big, Bad Wolf: Red Wolf Protection in Gibbs v. Babbitt
- Effects of anthropogenic mortality on Critically Endangered red wolf Canis rufus breeding pairs: implications for red wolf recovery
- From the field: implementing recovery of the red wolf-integrating research scientists and managers
- Gibbs v. Babbitt: Red Wolf Protection under the Endangered Species Act Leaps beyond the Outer Limits of the Commerce Clause
- Increased Scientific Capacity and Endangered Species Management: Lessons from the Red Wolf Conflict
- Predicting Red Wolf Release Success in the Southeastern United States
- Re-introduction and recovery of the red wolf in the southeastern USA
- Red Wolf (Canis rufus) Recovery: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research
- Red Wolf Recovery: A Progress Report
- Restoration of the Red Wolf
- Social and Demographic Effects of Anthropogenic Mortality: A Test of the Compensatory Mortality Hypothesis in the Red Wolf
- Survival and population size estimates of the red wolf
- The Challenges of Red Wolf Conservation and the Fate of an Endangered Species Recovery Program
- The Contribution of the Captive Breeding in Mexican Grey Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) and Red Wolf (Canis rufus)
- The Red Wolf Species Survival Plan: Saving the Red Wolf Through Partnerships
- The Rhetoric of the Probable in Scientific Commentaries: The Debate Over the Species Status of the Red Wolf
- USFWS documents and records
CONSERVATION - GENERAL CANID
- Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression
- The Challenge and Opportunity of Recovering Wolf Populations
- The original status of wolves in eastern North America
- The Practices of Wolf Persecution, Protection, and Restoration in Canada and the United States
- Wolf Recovery and Management as Value-based Political Conflict
HABITAT - ALBEMARLE-PAMLICO PENINSULA
Note: While not all of the sources in this section are necessarily academic, they could still prove useful in a research project.
- Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge/Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula Climate Adaptation Project
- Adaptation Approaches on the Albemarle‐Pamlico Peninsula
- Albemarle-Pamlico Climate Change Adaptation Project
- Black Bears, Red Wolves, and Coyotes: Predators of the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula
- Climate Change and Migration along the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, North Carolina
- Ecosystem Services, Markets, and Red Wolf Habitat: Results from a Farm Operator Survey
- Response of Wetlands to Rising Sea Level in the Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina
- The Ecology of the Pamlico River, North Carolina: An Estuarine Profile
HEALTH AND BIOLOGY - RED WOLF
- A Survey Of Diseases In Captive Red Wolves (Canis rufus), 1997–2012
- A survey of the red wolf (Canis rufus). United States Department of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report
- Antibody responses of red wolves to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus vaccination
- Cardiorespiratory Effects Of Medetomidine-Butorphanol, Medetomidine-Butorphanol-Diazepam, And Medetomidine-Butorphanol-Ketamine In Captive Red Wolves (Canis rufus)
- Cecal inversion and subsequent colocolic intussusception in a red wolf
- Characteristics of fresh and frozen–thawed red wolf (Canis rufus) spermatozoa
- Comparison of different osmolalities and egg-yolk composition in processing media for the cryopreservation of red wolf (Canis rufus) sperm
- Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus
- Diagnosis and surgical correction of patent ductus venosus in a red wolf (Canis rufus)
- Duration of immunity of red wolves (Canis rufus) following vaccination with a modified live parvovirus and canine distemper vaccine
- Infectious disease and red Wolf conservation: Assessment of disease occurrence and associated risks
- Medical Management Of Pyometra In Three Red Wolves (Canis rufus)
- On the Cæcum of the Red Wolf
- Parasitism in Captive and Reintroduced Red Wolves
- Red Wolves May Help Understanding of Human Eye Disease
- Reproductive endocrine patterns in captive female and male red wolves (Canis rufus) assessed by fecal and serum hormone analysis
- Semen parameters and electron microscope observations of spermatozoa of the red wolf, Canis rufus
- Serologic investigations of canine parvovirus and canine distemper in relation to wolf (Canis lupus) pup mortalities
- Spermophagy in semen in the red wolf, Canis rufus
- Survey Of Necropsy Results In Captive Red Wolves (Canis rufus), 1992-1996
- Sustained release cyclosporine for bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a red wolf (Canis rufus)
- Tick paralysis in a red wolf
- Ultrasonographic characteristics of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations in captive female red wolves (Canis rufus) with and without reproductive tract disease
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis in a red wolf (Canis rufus)
HEALTH AND BIOLOGY - GENERAL CANID
- Antibody Response To Rabies Vaccination In Captive And Free-Ranging Wolves (Canis lupus)
- Dirofilariasis in wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana, USA
- Ecological analysis of helminth populations of wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana
- Ectoparasites from a series of Texas coyotes
- Ectoparasites of wild canids from the gulf coastal prairies of Texas and Louisiana
- Effects of canine parvovirus on gray wolves in Minnesota
- Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife
- Extraosseous osteosarcoma in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
- Factors associated with uterine endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra in wild canids: implications for fertility
- Fatal acute babesiosis in captive grey wolves (Canis lupus) due to Babesia canis
- Implications of global change and climate variability for vector-borne diseases: generic approaches to impact assessments
- Infectious diseases and extinction risk in wild mammals
- Infectious disease and intensive management: population dynamics, threatened hosts, and their parasites
- Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores
- Infectious disease: infectious disease in the management and conservation of wild canids
- Managing disease threats to wild mammals
- Mechanisms of disease-induced extinction
- Naturally occurring and melengestrol acetate–associated reproductive tract lesions in zoo canids
- Sarcoptic manage in wildlife
- The role of infectious diseases in biological conservation
- TP53 expressing squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil in a captive polar wolf (Canis lupus arctos)
- Use of Tiletamine and Zolazepam to Immobilize Captive Iberian Wolves (Canis lupus)
- Wild canids as sentinels of ecological health: a conservation medicine perspective
GENETICS - RED WOLF
Note: You may notice that many of these articles offer differing or even opposing viewpoints on the taxonomic status of the red wolf. The status of the red wolf as a species has long been a topic of debate, but the red wolf is listed as a species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In order to keep track of the different views presented in the following articles, it is important to keep the publishing date and researching entity in mind when reading. If you were writing a paper of your own on red wolf taxonomy, this would be an important point to make.
- A report on the taxonomic status and distribution of the red wolf
- An efficient method for screening faecal DNA genotypes and detecting new individuals and hybrids in the red wolf (Canis rufus) experimental population area
- Assessing the prevalence of hybridization between sympatric Canis species surrounding the red wolf (Canis rufus) recovery area in North Carolina
- Biochemical markers in a species endangered by introgression: The red wolf
- Canids Recently Collected in East Texas, with Comments on the Taxonomy of the Red Wolf
- Comments on Red Wolf Taxonomy
- Coyote X Dog Hybridization and Red Wolf Influence in the Wild Canis of Oklahoma
- DNA profiles of the eastern Canadian wolf and the red wolf provide evidence for a common evolutionary history independent of the gray wolf
- Epidemiology of Coyote Introgression into the Red Wolf Genome
- Evaluating the ability of Bayesian clustering methods to detect hybridization and introgression using an empirical red wolf data set
- Factors influencing red wolf–coyote hybridization in eastern North Carolina, USA
- Inbreeding and inbreeding depression in endangered red wolves (Canis rufus)
- In vitro maintenance, cooling and cryopreservation of red wolf (Canis rufus) spermatozoa.
- Locating hybrid individuals in the red wolf (Canis rufus) experimental population area using a spatially targeted sampling strategy and faecal DNA genotyping
- Managing hybridization of a recovering endangered species: the red wolf Canis rufus as a case study
- Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus
- Molecular Taxonomy and the Conservation of the Red Wolf and Other Endangered Carnivores
- New Data on the Red Wolf in Alabama (1973)
- No Inbreeding Depression Observed in Mexican and Red Wolf Captive Breeding Programs
- Origin of the Red Wolf: Response to Nowak and Federoff and Gardener
- Pedigree‐based assignment tests for reversing coyote (Canis latrans) introgression into the wild red wolf (Canis rufus) population
- Problems and Policy for Species Threatened by Hybridization: The Red Wolf as a Case Study
- Taxonomic status and conservation strategy of the endangered red wolf: a response to Kyle et al. (2006)
- The Problematic Red Wolf
- The Red Wolf is Not a Hybrid
- The status and distribution of the red wolf
- Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans)
- Validity of the Red Wolf: Response to Roy et al.
GENETICS - GENERAL CANID
Library Resources
FIND WHAT YOU NEED
Browsing your local or school library's collection of books, journals, and other credible literature is another good way to find useful research resources. Here are a few useful tools that may come in handy during any library research venture.
Browsing your local or school library's collection of books, journals, and other credible literature is another good way to find useful research resources. Here are a few useful tools that may come in handy during any library research venture.
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- Library Databases: Many libraries have online databases listing titles and related information on all of the content they store in their collections. These databases can prove invaluable to anyone searching for a book on a particular subject or with a certain keyword or phrase included. Aside from databases for specific libraries, there are also numerous larger databases that store information on content availability in numerous libraries across long distances. These larger databases can be used to plan requests for interlibrary loans (see below). These databases can also provide useful information for citations in papers, as well as links to similar works on related topics. Visit your local or school library website to see their catalog or database. - Interlibrary Loans: An interlibrary loan can be made when a person requests a book from one library to be sent to another library on loan. This allows people to gain access to books that may otherwise only be available in distant places. Most libraries have their own information on applying for an interlibrary loan, and there are loan programs spanning districts, universities, states, countries, and even the world. Things requested via an interlibrary loan can often be picked up at a local library and returned to any other library, making for a convenient and extremely useful system. The transfer time on most interlibrary loans is often no more than a week. For more information, see this general description or ask a librarian at your school or local library. |
- Library of Congress Located in Washington D.C., the United States Library of Congress is the largest library on earth, offering almost twenty million resources to the public for research and information purposes. Consisting of a collection of books, historic documents, records, and much more, the Library of Congress is an excellent place to search after first looking at local libraries and online. The Library of Congress also offers its own interlibrary loan program (see previous), allowing certain items to be withdrawn anywhere in the country for free for up to two months (internationally there is a small fee). You can explore the official Library of Congress website here, or go directly to their collection catalog landing page here. - Freedom of Information Act The Freedom of Information Act is a law passed in the United States in 1967 that allows public access to past US federal government agency records, with the exception of state and local government, personal, and security related documents. The law primarily applies to records from government agencies (such as, for example, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service which falls under the Department of the Interior). Information can be requested via the Freedom of Information Act by private citizens, and there is a different request method and point of contact for each individual agency. More information about submitting a request under the Freedom of Information Act can be found on the FOIA website. |
Google Scholar
Google Scholar can help you find journal articles and academic papers quickly for any topic you search for. It can also help find citations, patents, and date-sensitive information. Search results can be bookmarked and saved to your Google account. Click here to visit Google Scholar.
Google Scholar can help you find journal articles and academic papers quickly for any topic you search for. It can also help find citations, patents, and date-sensitive information. Search results can be bookmarked and saved to your Google account. Click here to visit Google Scholar.
Other Red Wolf Related Files
The following files and file caches are supplementary to knowledge about more detailed aspects of red wolves and red wolf conservation efforts. A general idea of what each file contains can be found in each file/link name. Click the download button to open each file in your browser or a relevant application. Click the rectangular buttons to visit other file caches. You can download the files if needed from the new page or window. All files are sourced from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Red Wolf Species Survival Plan.
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